Language Frameworks

Language Frameworks

Lexis/Semantics..

Lexis.. Lexis is the term that linguisitics use to describe the vocabulary of a language. The number of words available to text producers is huge, and words are generally chosen carefull to help gernerate meaning. 
AQA English Language B Marcello Giovanelli and Dr Alan Pearce

Linked to language change..
Lexis in language change is constantly adapting, to the point in the 21st Century where new words or phrases are created through the media such as texting, social media sites and now, celebrities. 

One celebrity known for her contribution to the lexical word is Miley Cyrus who through her actions on a music video and performance has created the world wide verb 'twerk'. In turn this new verb has spread, being used in young people's language daily. Its even been made into a continuous verb with the ending 'ing' and, with the past tense suffix 'ed',  a past particple. 
http://uk.eonline.com/news/453117/twerking-added-to-oxford-dictionary-should-we-thank-miley-cyrus

Semantics.. Semantics refers to the study of meaning and how meaning is created within texts. Semantics is also concerned with the relationships between lexical itesm and how these create textual cohestion. 
AQA English Language B Marcello Giovanelli and Dr Alan Pearce

Linked to language change..
Language change occurs in semancitcs through the adaption of lexis into new contexts or the joining of two words to create a new meaning. Due to contexts such as modernisation and the spread of technology, semantics are constantly changing. 

 http://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2013/12/30/new-words-30-december-2013/
One example of combinations of lexis is the new phrase 'floordrobe', added to the dictionary at the end of 2013. Here two nouns are connected to make one new noun where both their semantics are linked.

Grammar..

Grammar.. Grammar refers to the way sentences of a language are constructed, for example syntax. It looks at the study of words and their component parts combined in language. 

Linked to language change.. 
Due to grammatical change taking longer to spread than lexical, some old grammatical forms may still be present in certain areas of Britain today. 

For example, the second person pronouns 'thou, thee, thy, thine' may sound old fashioned to most of us, however they're still present in Northern England, although even there they are becoming increasingly associated with older speakers. 

http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/changing-voices/grammatical-change/
This website includes more audio examples of grammatical changes in Britain. 

• if you wanted to go to college or you wanted to go to university you couldn’t if you hadn’t the money
• I mean the dress sense in this lot is whacky down here and I’m so not used to it
• and, uh, when we gets to the camp — it was a beautiful - historical present

Discourse..

Discourse.. Discourse refers to the written or spoken communication in language. 

Linked to language change..

Graphology..

Graphology.. Graphology is the study of written and printed symbols in text, for example the use of pictures and text in a visual manner. It can cover anything from the use of capital letters and punctuation to colour. 

Linked to language change..